Beyond the Classroom Walls: National Patterns, Barriers, and Benefits of Outdoor Learning in U.S. Schools

• In Event: Place-based and participatory learning

Abstract

This study examines outdoor learning in U.S. schools through a three-stage sequential explanatory design combining web scraping of 120,000 school websites, a national survey, and five case studies. Guided by Diffusion of Innovation and Ecological Systems theories, it maps national prevalence, identifies barriers, and highlights perceived benefits. Outdoor learning was present in 33% of schools, commonly integrated into science and horticulture, with activities ranging from nature walks to environmental monitoring. Educators identified weather, time, and funding as key barriers. Reported benefits included improved mental health (for students and staff), enhanced physical well-being, and stronger connections to nature. COVID-19 significantly increased outdoor learning adoption, indicating potential for lasting educational change. Findings offer guidance for educators and policymakers advancing outdoor learning.

Author

• Luke Parker, Australian Catholic University