Digital Technology as Amplifier and Buffer of SES-Achievement Gap: Evidence from Double Machine Learning

• In Event: Bridging Gaps: AI and Digital Learning for Diverse Learners

Abstract

Digital technology is promoted as an equalizer, yet the socioeconomic (SES) achievement gap endures. Our study reveals technology’s dual role as both amplifier and buffer. Analyzing PISA 2022 data from 27,274 East Asian students with Double Machine Learning, we find Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure amplifies socioeconomic disparities. Conversely, structured ICT usage, particularly on weekends, buffers against them. This creates a stark 17-point difference in the SES effect based on students' technology profiles. The evidence is clear: technology's impact is conditional on its use. To advance equity, policy must pivot from merely providing access to actively cultivating strategic digital engagement for all students.

Authors

• Yigu Liang, Beijing Normal University

• Na Li, Beijing Normal University

• Yingke Xu, Beijing Normal University

• Wei Tian, Beijing Normal University