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A growth mindset is the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and persistence. In this systematic review, we investigate how a growth mindset impacts second language learning in K-12 education. We screened 639 manuscripts and included 45 relevant studies focused on how the growth mindset improves language learning in K-12 students. Our main findings indicate that fostering a growth mindset is positively associated with improved cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes, including enhanced motivation, reduced anxiety, greater academic achievement, and increased learner engagement. The studies highlighted the importance of grit, teacher support, emotional regulation, mindset reflection in language development, and the integration of growth mindset principles into instruction to foster persistence and success in young language learners.