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This study explores how achievement emotions (enjoyment and boredom), grit, and inference influence students’ multimodal reading (MR) performance in 283 fourth-grade students in Hong Kong. Structural equation modeling revealed a dual-pathway mechanism: enjoyment enhanced MR both indirectly through grit and via inference, with grit also exerting an additional indirect effect on MR through inference. The findings confirm and extend the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (CATLM) by highlighting the interplay between affective (e.g., enjoyment, boredom), cognitive (e.g., inference), and motivational factors (e.g., grit) in multimodal reading. These results underscore the importance of fostering positive emotional experiences, perseverance, and inferring strategies in instructional design to support students’ multimodal literacy development during this critical developmental stage.