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This study explored the divergent relationships between students’ digital competencies and Computer and Information Literacy (CIL) and Computational Thinking (CT) performance across 21 countries using ICILS 2023 data. As globalization and digitalization accelerated, fostering digital citizenship became crucial (UNESCO, 2024). Drawing on the Digital Intelligence (DQ) framework (DQ Institute, 2019), we examined five digital citizenship dimensions, identity, use, safety, security, and literacy, and their associations with CIL and CT through two-level regression in Python, incorporating plausible values and sampling weights. Results revealed varying cross-national patterns, with countries like Finland, Chinese Taipei, and the Czech Republic showing consistent alignment, while others such as the Netherlands, Uruguay, and the U.S. displayed limited associations. Findings underscore need to prioritize digital citizenship education worldwide.