From Attributes to Action: How Global Learners Utilize ChatGPT in Self-Directed Learning

• In Event: AI and Immersive Technologies in Language Learning and Communication

Abstract

This mixed-methods study explores how global language learners utilize ChatGPT for self-directed learning. Using the AI-Integrated Self-Directed Learning (AI-SDL) Framework, the research employed cluster analysis of 753 participants followed by qualitative interviews with 13 learners. Three distinct learner clusters emerged: highly engaged users (46.8%), moderate users (46.7%), and cautious users (6.5%), differing in personal attributes including attitude, self-efficacy, motivation, strategy use, and resource use. Qualitative findings identified specific learning moments including immediate corrections, new language acquisition, interactive practice, and linguistic clarification. The study reveals that AI tools amplify existing self-directed learning attributes rather than automatically promoting learning behaviors, emphasizing the need for instructional support to maximize AI-assisted language learning effectiveness.

Authors

• Belle Li, Purdue University

• Victoria Lynn Lowell, Purdue University