Muslim Student Sense of Belonging: Identity-threatening, Identity-safe, or Social-identity Affirming College Campuses

• In Event: Leveraging social capital to transform outcomes

Abstract

This mixed-methods study explores how Muslim students at a large public university experience belonging, using Strayhorn’s sense of belonging framework and the Identity Safe Framework. Drawing on survey (n=215), interview (n=15), and focus group (n=40) data, the study reveals that while students often find affirmation in peer networks and religious accommodations, they also face stereotyping, curricular exclusion, and inconsistent institutional support. These tensions shape perceptions of the university as only conditionally identity-safe. Muslim students emerge as active agents in constructing inclusive spaces, yet systemic barriers remain. Findings offer actionable strategies for campuses to support religious diversity and contribute to broader equity efforts in higher education by unforgetting exclusionary histories and reimagining inclusive futures.

Authors

• Rasha Alkhateeb, University of Maryland

• Laura J. Mahalingappa, University of Maryland