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Aligned with Division K’s focus on multimodal tools, this study uses Cultural-Historical Activity Theory to examine how six preservice teachers develop competencies to design and implement AR-enhanced lessons. Data from weekly journals and two interviews revealed five themes: baseline technology dispositions; iterative exploration; tensions in mapping AR to curriculum; logistical constraints driving curatorial strategies; and the need for scaffolded, in-situ mentorship. Findings demonstrate that when activity-system components—subjects, tools, community, rules, and division of labor—align, AR lessons yield high engagement and creativity. We recommend embedding stepwise AR design modules, just-in-time mentoring, and a district-approved, standards-aligned AR asset library to empower preservice teachers as digital innovators.