Redefining Access: A Meta-Analytic Review of Test-Optional Admissions Policies and Practices

• In Event: Understanding Test-Optional Policies and Promise Programs for Educational Equity

Abstract

This meta-analysis examines the impact of test-optional admissions policies (TOPs) on college enrollment and diversity outcomes across U.S. four-year institutions. Synthesizing empirical studies published between 2010 and 2024, the study explores correlations between TOPs and application volume, admissions yield, and demographic shifts. Preliminary findings indicate that while TOPs increase access for underrepresented groups at moderately selective colleges, they yield limited gains at elite institutions and may disadvantage high-achieving, marginalized students. Using a random-effects model, the analysis highlights institutional and contextual variations in outcomes.

Author

• Filiz Akyuz, Indiana University