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This study comparatively explored the structural relationships between intercultural attitude, intercultural attentiveness, intercultural adaptation, and students’ global competence across Singapore, Canadia, Colombia, and Morocco in PISA 2018, using a structural equation model (SEM) analysis. Regarding common effects, the results revealed that intercultural attitude is positively and directly related to students’ global competence among Singapore, Canada, Colombia, and Morocco; beyond that, intercultural attitude is also positively and indirectly related to global competence, with intercultural attentiveness as a mediation. Regarding distinct effects, differences were captured on the relationships between intercultural attentiveness and intercultural adaptation, between intercultural adaptation and global competence, as well as between intercultural attitude and global competence mediated by intercultural attentiveness and intercultural adaptation, across the four countries.