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Improving student reading achievement requires high-quality implementation of specific instructional practices. To date, observational measures of classroom instruction have provided beneficial information about the frequency and/or quality of content exposure, student-teacher interactions, and optimal explicit instruction. This study describes a new measure, Targeted Reading Instruction Lesson Observation (TRILO), which builds upon existing tools to measure small group reading lesson structure, delivery, and support as well as active student participation in learning reading in early elementary school. TRILO’s virtual data collection processes and coding system were designed to make observations feasible and scalable. This study presents TRILO’s preliminary reliability and validity evidence.