A Model of Teamwork in Graduate Medical Education: One Step in Developing a Formative Assessment

• In Event: Collaboration, Teamwork, and Interprofessional Learning

Abstract

Although teamwork is a crucial part of quality patient care, formative assessment of teamwork in graduate medical education may be limited. Based on an extensive literature review and input from physician educators and team science scholars, we developed an initial model of teamwork in internal medicine. The model identifies five elements that residents need to be able to demonstrate, but for which they may not receive adequate formative feedback: adaptability, leadership, followership, team cognition, and psychological safety. It also specifies the skills and behaviors underlying them. A survey of internal medicine residency program directors provides some initial support for the model’s content and format, with indication of how skills and behaviors vary by post-graduate year.

Authors

• Monica M. Cuddy, NBME

• Marcia L. Winward, National Board of Medical Examiners

• Ujjayini Das, University of Maryland