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This paper explores the philosophical and theological underpinnings of Philippine Catholic education through a literature-based hermeneutical analysis. Drawing from foundational texts such as Ex Corde Ecclesiae, Lumen Gentium, and Pope Francis’ Instruction, the study examines how Catholic logics intersect with Philippine higher education’s mission. The review highlights the tensions between tradition and modernity, within secularization and shifting moral landscapes. It also contextualizes education’s historical and sociocultural evolution, shaped by colonial legacies and contemporary challenges. The Augustinian Recollect tradition, with its emphasis on contemplative prayer, community life, and apostolic service, is presented as a distinct yet underexplored model of Catholic pedagogy. This literature review lays the groundwork for future research on institutional identity and Catholic formation in Philippine teacher education.