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This study aims to investigate creativity as a value-added construct and identify the unique factors that impact students’ creativity in cross-cultural education contexts. Using PISA 2022 data, we examine ‘value-added’ creativity through a novel approach that isolates students’ creativity performance from traditional academic performance measures (reading, math and science test scores). We conduct HLM multilevel analyses of student-level factors (gender, creative self-efficacy, math anxiety, SES) and school-level factors (size, climate) in two selected high-performing nations, Finland and Korea. Korea performed significantly lower on the ‘value-added’ creativity scale than Finland, while they also showed different patterns of the relationships. This study would contribute to understanding how creativity is shaped by various cultural contexts and reimagining educational excellence and equity through creativity.