Alternatives to Cronbach's Alpha: Bias, Sensitivity to Mismatch, Scale Strength, Scale Length, and Sample Size - Leifeng XIAO, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Dan Wang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Luyang Guo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Kit-Tai Hau, Chinese University of Hong Kong

A Meta-Review: The Gap Between Simulated and Real Data in CDM Research - Sook Hyun Park, The University of Texas at Austin; Hyeon-Ah Kang, The University of Texas at Austin

A Reliability of Separation Index for Evaluating Unfolding Scales - Trenton Combs, University of Miami; Jue Wang

Effects of Routing Methods on Routing Accuracy in MST - Liuhan Sophie Cai, Cognia; Louis A. Roussos, Cognia

Model-Based Approaches to Classifying Students Into Competence-Based Proficiency Levels - Jing Huang, East China Normal University; Xiangdong Yang, East China Normal University

Recovery Accuracy of Regression Coefficient and Measurement Model Parameters of Bifactor-(S-1) and (S∙I-1) Models - Jason C. Immekus, University of Louisville; William Holmes Finch, Ball State University; Brian F. French, Washington State University

A Monte Carlo Study of Confidence Interval Methods for Generalizability Coefficient - Zhehan Jiang, Peking University; Mark R. Raymond, none; Ren Liu, University of California - Merced; Dexin Shi, University of South Carolina; Junhua Sun, Nanjing University; Lu Liu, Peking University

Amy Roberts, University of Wyoming

Rethinking Rigor in Action Research - Joseph Levitan, McGill University; Alfredo Ortiz-Aragon, University of the Incarnate Word; Adam Stieglitz, University of Louisville

The Voices of Graduate Students on the Value of Self-Assessment: An Action Research - Comfort O. Okpala, North Carolina A&T State University

Voices of Home-Based Providers: Perspectives From the Early Childhood Field - Bweikia Tynise Steen, George Mason University; Corey Shdaimah, University of Maryland - College Park; Elizabeth Palley, Adelphi University

Can There Be Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Without Dis/abled Teachers? - Mark Nagasawa, Bank Street College of Education; Sarika S. Gupta, Bank Street College of Education

Memories of a Girl Between Worlds: Speculative Common Worldings - Esther do Lago e Pretti, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College Arizona State University; Jieyu Jiang, Arizona State University; Ann Walker Nielsen, Arizona State University; Janna Goebel, Arizona State University; Iveta Silova, Arizona State University

An Unconditional Right to Belong: One Toddler's Journey Toward Inclusion - Susan L. Recchia, Teachers College, Columbia University; Seung Eun McDevitt

Perceiving Precedence: Order of Operations Errors Are Predicted by Perception of Equivalent Expressions - Jeffrey K. Bye, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Ji-Eun Lee, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Jenny Yun-Chen Chan, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Avery Harrison Closser, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Stacy Shaw, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Erin R Ottmar, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Renewing Interest in Effort: The Development of the Academic Effort Beliefs Scale - Ryan Iaconelli, National Center for Education Statistics; Christopher A. Wolters, The Ohio State University

Self-Explaining Supports Students' Learning From Errors - Qian Zhang, University of Georgia; Logan Fiorella, University of Georgia

When Conceptualization Gets Moving: Exploring How Directed Actions Complement Gestural Insights for Generating Geometric Reasoning - Fangli Xia, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Kelsey E. Schenck, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Michael I. Swart, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Mitchell J. Nathan, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Contributions of Crystallized Cross-Domain Knowledge and Fluid Relational Reasoning Ability on Ninth-Grade Students' Academic Performance - Peter Baggetta, Gonzaga College High School

Operationalizing and Measuring Academic Procrastination Behavior Using Trace Data - Reza Feyzi-Behnagh, University at Albany - SUNY; Semih Bursali, University of Albany - State University of New York; Shaghayegh Sahebi, University at Albany - SUNY; Mengfan Yao, University at Albany - SUNY; Siqian Zhao, University at Albany - SUNY

How Science Mindsets Affect Women's Motivation and Achievement in Introductory Chemistry Courses: Roles of Effort Comparisons - Hyewon Lee, The Ohio State University - Columbus; Shirley L. Yu, The Ohio State University

Growth, Fixed, and Mixed Mindsets: Mindset System Profiles in Foreign Language Learners and Their Role in Engagement and Achievement - Nigel Mantou Lou, University of Victoria; Kathryn Everhart Chaffee, University of Quebec - Montreal; Kimberly Noels, University of Alberta

Preliminary Work on Measuring the Sources of Research Self-Efficacy in College Students' Early Research Experiences - Justine Piontek, The University of Memphis; Eli Andrew Jones, The University of Memphis; Leigh M. Harrell-Williams, The University of Memphis; Luke Walden, The University of Memphis; Patrick L Shipp

Expectancies, Values, and Costs: Reciprocal Effects on Math-Related Career Intention and Achievement Among Adolescent Girls - Yoonkyung Chung, Inha University; So Young Kim, Chonnam National University

Developmental Trajectories of Students' Growth Mindsets in STEM: A Cohort-Sequential Longitudinal Study - Suppanut Sriutaisuk, University of Houston; Allison Master, University of Houston

Drawing and Play as Windows Into a Child's Multimodal Meaning-Making During COVID-19 - Laura Brass, The University of British Columbia

Changed for the Better: Teacher Reflections on COVID-19 Safety Protocols in an In-Person Classroom Environment - Elizabeth Bowers Hinchcliff, Freedom Preparatory Academy; Melissa A. Newberry, Brigham Young University

Exploring Barriers to Expressing Intellectual Humility in Online Classes - Emma Elise Hicken, University of California - Davis; Tenelle Porter, Ball State University

The Role of Psychology Students' Motivational Profiles in a Problem-Based Learning Curriculum - Lisette Wijnia, Open Universiteit Nederland; Lisenne Giel, Erasmus University Rotterdam; Gera Noordzij, Erasmus University

Developing Epistemic Understanding and Productive Inquiry Using Analytics-Supported Reflective Assessment in Knowledge-Building - Yuyao Tong, The University of Hong Kong; Carol K. Chan, University of Hong Kong; Xueqi FENG, Southern University of Science and Technology

Do Students From Open Cooperative Classes Have an Advantage in Distance Learning? - Ramona Obermeier, Johannes Kepler University of Linz; Sonja Lenz, Johannes Kepler University of Linz

Psychological Variables and Social Perspective-Taking for Enhanced Historically Black College and University Learning Climate Experience - Susan Mathew, Langston University

Teacher Engagement and Exploration of Productive Struggle: The Significance of Norms - Tegan William Nusser, Bradley University; Sherri Martinie, Kansas State University

The Influence of Early Care and Education Teachers' Knowledge, Perspectives, and Perceived Roles on Mealtime Practices - Adrien Diane Malek-Lasater, University of North Florida

Emphatically Our Battle: A Content Analysis of the New York City African Free School Curriculum, 1789–1840 - Katherine Perrotta, Mercer University; Tiffany Rainey, DeKalb County School System

Examining Racial Dimensions of Life Writing Through Diverse Methodologies - Lilly Padia, New York University; Ashantie Diaz Johnson, Saint Francis College; Pamela D'Andrea Martinez, New York University; María Paula Ghiso, Teachers College, Columbia University; Reanae McNeal, Oklahoma State University; Melva R. Grant, Old Dominion University; Signe E. Kastberg, Purdue University; Paulette T. Cross, Georgia College; Lucy E. Bailey, Oklahoma State University

Life Histories Show Complex Interactions Between Life Experiences and Larger Cultural Contexts - Marjorie E. Madden, Rowan University; Susan Browne, Rowan University; Valarie G. Lee, Rowan University

Disciplinary Climate, Opportunity to Learn, and Mathematics Achievement: Doubly Latent Multilevel Analyses - Faming Wang, University of Macau; Yaping Liu, University of Hong Kong; Shing-On Leung, University of Macau

Students' Reasoning About Dynamic Angles - Erell Germia, Montclair State University; Nicole Panorkou, Montclair State University