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Different from the traditional item generation methods, the theory-based measurement approach that combined with cognitive psychology as the core tries to make the procedure of item generation more scientific and systematic by establishing the relationship among item response, item features and construct representation. The purpose of this study is to generate some mental rotation items that conform to the characteristics of the Rasch model under the guidance of the cognitive model, and to verify the rationality of the cognitive model. The results show that the designed items are in agreement with the cognitive model, and they can effectively predict the spatial ability in mental rotation.