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Concepts are the core of philosophy that offers unstable bridges between the empirical world and thought. In this study, a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of 191 published doctoral dissertations was carried out to understand how educational technology researchers define nine technology-based learning concepts that are used commonly and sometimes interchangeably. These concepts included (1) online learning, (2) distance learning, (3) e-learning, (4) Web-based learning, (5) virtual learning, (6) computer-supported learning, (7) open learning, (8) computer-aided learning, and (9) computer-assisted learning. The results showed that there are similarities and differences among these concepts regarding scholars’ perceptions of space, agents, time, levels of operation, rules, power, and culture. Also, a novel and comprehensive framework, “Technology-based Learning Environment Evaluation Framework (TLEEF)” was introduced.