Health Outcomes and Disparities Among Vulnerable Populations Following Natural Disasters and Climate-Related Extreme Weather Events

• In Event: Suicide and Mental Health Inequities in the U.S.: Evidence from Policy, Place, and Practice

Abstract

Natural disasters disproportionately impact marginalized populations, exacerbating existing health disparities. This umbrella review synthesized evidence from 33 systematic reviews to evaluate disparities in health outcomes following natural disasters and extreme weather events. We identified consistent and pronounced disparities in both physical and mental health outcomes, particularly affecting women, racial and ethnic minorities, economically disadvantaged groups, and rural communities. Mental health impacts—including trauma, depression, and anxiety—were notably severe and enduring among disadvantaged groups. Physical health outcomes showed increased vulnerability to chronic disease exacerbations and communicable disease outbreaks, though these areas were underreported. Research gaps included limited intersectional analyses and inconsistent consideration of structural determinants such as socioeconomic status, race, and geographic location. These findings underscore an urgent need for equity-focused disaster preparedness and response policies, and highlight critical directions for future research to better understand and mitigate disaster-related health disparities.

Author

• Jim P Stimpson, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
  Presenting Author