Public Service Motivation and Turnover Intention: A Generational Perspective Based on Korean Public Sector Data

• In Event: Reforming and Renovating Local Governments in South Korea

Abstract

This study explores how public service motivation (PSM) influences turnover intention in the South Korean public sector and examines whether the strength of this relationship varies by generational cohort. Based on data from the 2024 Korean Public Service Survey administered by the Korea Institute of Public Administration (KIPA), we analyze a sample of over 6,000 civil servants, with a particular emphasis on comparing the MZ generation (Millennials and Generation Z) with older public servants. The research aims to understand whether younger generations, who are often described as more individualistic and value-oriented, respond differently to the intrinsic motivations traditionally associated with public service.

Utilizing hierarchical regression analysis and multigroup SEM techniques, the study finds that while PSM is negatively associated with turnover intention overall, this effect is significantly attenuated among MZ generation employees. This suggests that traditional models of public service motivation may not fully capture the evolving motivational profiles of younger public workers, who may prioritize work-life balance, career development, or job flexibility over altruistic commitment alone.

The study provides both theoretical and practical implications: theoretically, it calls for a re-examination of PSM constructs in generational contexts; practically, it urges public institutions to diversify motivational tools and reform retention strategies to align with the expectations of younger talent. In doing so, the public sector can better address the challenge of high turnover rates and strengthen the sustainability of its workforce.

Author

• Yoonjin Lee
  Presenting Author