Roles and Relations of Civil Society and Street-Level Bureaucracy in Policy Implementation: Evidence from China

• In Event: Societal Inputs and Policy Implementation in China

Abstract

Drawing upon empirical evidence from multiple Chinese provinces, we employed a comparative analysis to highlight the evolving roles and relationships of civil society actors and frontline bureaucrats in the realm of policy implementation. China, characterized by its unique political and social structures, offers a backdrop where state authoritarianism intersects with an increasingly vibrant civil society. Through case studies focusing on specific policy domains, our study reveals that street-level bureaucrats leverage civil society actors as intermediaries, capitalizing on their local knowledge and trust within communities to enhance policy efficacy. We conducted qualitative interviews with key actors from both civil society and bureaucratic roles, which provided rich insights into their interactions. In our exploration of more politically sensitive areas, we found that the state tends to sideline or tightly control civil society's involvement. However, even in these situations, observational studies captured the emergence of grassroots movements and informal networks, subtly influencing policy outcomes. To understand the depth and range of these networks, a network analysis was undertaken, revealing patterns of connection and influence. Additionally, content analysis of policy documents and communications provided context for understanding the formal and informal dialogues around these issues. This complex dance illustrates the adaptive strategies employed by both parties in navigating the intricate policy environment of China. The findings, enriched by a comprehensive survey of various actors across provinces, contribute to the broader discourse on state-society relations, offering insights into how state structures and civil societal forces can co-evolve in an authoritarian context.

Authors

• Chunying Yue, Harvard University Asia Center

• Zhuanjia Du, Columbia University