Being Different vs. Being Special. A Simulation Study on the Macro-effects of Alternative Differentiation Mechanisms

• In Event: 538 - Section on Mathematical Sociology Paper Session. Advancements in Mathematical Theory: Group Processes and Interaction

Abstract

Experimental and field research has demonstrated a pervasive tendency toward pairwise conformity among individuals connected by positive social ties, and work using formal models has shown that opinions on connected influence networks should thus converge toward uniformity. Observing that diversity persists even in small scale groups and organizations, we investigate two empirically grounded mechanisms of social differentiation that may account for this persistence: First, actors may dislike or disrespect peers who diverge too much from their own views, and may change their opinions or behaviors to distance themselves further from those negative referents. Second, when surrounded by similar others, actors may try to maintain a sufficient sense of uniqueness by exploring new opinions or behaviors. Using computational experiments, we demonstrate that these two differentiation mechanisms lead to different patterns of polarization, radicalization, and factionalism. Furthermore, we investigate the conditions under which the two mechanisms generate social integration. In closing, we discuss the implications for cultural dynamics in organizations and small groups.

Authors

• Michael Maes, University of Zurich

• Andreas Flache, University of Groningen

• James A. Kitts, University of Massachusetts