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By comparing U.S college students with Korean college students, the researcher seeks to examine if there is a relationship between the extent of gender difference in social perceptions of cigarette smokers and the extent of gender difference in smoking prevalence. Results show that female smokers are more negatively evaluated than male smokers in both countries but the differences between male and female smokers in evaluations of social perceptions are greater in the Korean sample than the U.S sample. Likewise, the differences between male and female students in smoking prevalence are greater in the Korean sample than the U.S sample. Consequently, this study finds a relationship between the extent of gender difference in social perceptions of cigarette smokers and the extent of gender difference in smoking prevalence.