Transition to Higher Education in Contemporary China: A Study of High School Graduates in Urban Nanjing

• In Event: 392 - Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).
  In Refereed Roundtable: Table 09. Educational Inequality in Asia and Asian America

Abstract

China has undergone an expansion of higher education in the 1990s. The university enrollment rate among high school graduates increased from 27.3% in 1990 to 87% in 2012. At the same time, Chinese universities are stratified into key universities and non-key universities, which differ significantly in resource input and prestige. As the competition for places in prestigious universities is keen, Chinese parents are found to play an increasingly active role in preparing their children for the competition.
Researchers have argued that in the era of mass education, the focus of educational inequality should move from quantitative to qualitative differences. While educational inequality in China has attracted much research attention in the past decade, little is understood about educational inequality in China in the qualitative terms. The present study aims to fill this research gap.
Data come from a panel survey of 759 high school graduates in urban Nanjing initiated in 2010. A vast majority of these students (98.4%) were enrolled in post-secondary education in 2012, among whom 96.6% attended colleges or universities in China. Our findings do not show inequality in mere access by family background or high school prestige. However, family backgrounds make a difference in educational destinations (local vs. overseas as well as prestige of the institutions) but the family impact tends to be mediated by high school ranking. These findings suggest the adaptation efforts made by Chinese parents in assuring the children to receive quality education beyond the compulsory level.

Authors

• Gina Lai, Hong Kong Baptist University

• Odalia Ho Wong, Hong Kong Baptist University

• Jing Song, Hong Kong Baptist University

• Xiaotian Feng, Nanjing University