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This paper examines how political regimes structure the strategies activists can effectively utilize to transform public institutions. Drawing on Tilly’s concept of “regime space” as a combination of capacity and democracy, the author analyzes the Brazilian Landless Workers Movement’s (MST) attempt to implement alternative pedagogies in public schools in two diverse context: the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the municipality of Santa Maria da Boa Vista, Pernambuco. In the first, high-capacity democratic regime, social movement repertories and partisan politics are effective in transforming public schools for a decade, until a right-leaning mobilization ends these initiatives. In contrast, in Santa Maria’s low-capacity nondemocratic regime, the MST engages in a Gramscian war of position and transforms schools over multiple administrations. This illustrates the relevance of subnational regimes in shaping contention, the strengths and weaknesses of diverse activist strategies, and the importance of not-so-public forms of contention in analyzing social movement outcomes.