Fifty-Fifty? Women’s Perceptions of Gender Equality in a Democratic South Africa

• In Event: 3553 - Gender Inequality: Gender Ideology and Expectations

Abstract

This paper investigates whether advancements in gender equality in the public sphere can influence women’s everyday lives and experiences of gender equality in the private sphere. Using post-apartheid South Africa as a case study, we examine whether the legislative changes mandating gender equality passed during the democratic transition in 1994 have translated into greater empowerment for women in relationships and households. Drawing on 43 in-depth interviews with Black South African women aged 18-55 living in rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, we highlight women’s perceptions of the benefits and limits of gender equality in both public and private. Despite differences in women’s marital statuses, ages, and life experiences, views of gender equality in relationships were similar. First, women equated gender equality in relationships with disrespect of men because equality meant men taking on more traditionally feminine roles and tasks at home. Second, gender equality at work was highly valued whereas gender equality in the private sphere was seen as problematic. Although women were in favor of having equal rights with men at work, these rights did not necessarily extend into the home. Finally, although gender equality in the private sphere was portrayed as negative, some women recognized the value in couples taking on more equal roles and sharing tasks at home. Ultimately, gender equality in the private sphere was viewed as feasible only for women with some financial independence due to education or employment. These views support hegemonic constructions of masculinity, and therefore reinforce gender inequality and women’s disempowerment in relationships. 

Authors

• Christie Sennott, Purdue University

• Emily Dye, Purdue University

• Abigail Nawrocki