BMI can predict adiposity, but not well enough to learn about obesity prevalence

• In Event: 21081 - Section on Sociology of Body and Embodiment Roundtables
  In Refereed Roundtable (60 minute): Table 2: Weight

Abstract

Obesity is a complex condition linking excess adiposity (fat) to health status. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is known to be an imperfect measure of obesity, as it neither measures adiposity nor health directly, yet it is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Using data from the 2011-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we demonstrate why BMI should not be used for studying obesity prevalence. We propose a statistical correction to improve the validity of estimates that rely on BMI. This approach underscores the need for careful consideration of measurement tools in health research and illustrates the benefit of statistical corrections when preferred measures are unavailable. Furthermore, we discuss how the reliance on BMI can be traced to its institutional legitimacy, established by research organizations and medical practitioners. Our analysis highlights the social and cultural implications of BMI's dominance, including its impact on public health policies, societal perceptions of body size, and the perpetuation of health disparities. Our findings call for a critical re-evaluation of BMI's role and advocate for more aligned measures of obesity to better inform investigation and interventions.

Authors

• Adam Visokay, University of Washington

• Kentaro Hoffman

• Stephen Salerno

• Sasha Shen Johfre, University of Washington

• Tyler McCormick, University of Washington