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Abstract
Existing research has focused on struggles for citizenship among Italians of migrant descent, leaving under-explored how citizenship is enacted once acquired. Drawing on biographical research with Black and minoritised Italians — children of migrants who obtained Italian citizenship and later migrated to the UK — this article examines citizenship as both a framework of state power and a lived practice. Mobilising Abdelmalek Sayad’s notion of pensée d’état (state thought), citizenship is conceptualised not simply as a legal status but as a symbolic and cognitive mechanism that structures hierarchies of belonging. Findings reveal its ambivalent character: while naturalisation grants formal rights, minoritised Italians remain structurally and symbolically excluded from the Italian national community. In response, they redefine citizenship from below, valuing voting as a means of recognition and migration as an act of citizenship and self-determination.