Comparing the effects of sanction regimes on firearm-related homicides in Canada

• In Event: Criminal Justice Policy Issues

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of Canadian gun control laws (CGCL) on homicides. It contrasts with previous studies by incorporating the concept of sanction regime into its framework. This study estimates the effect of CGCL on enforcement indexes found in the administrative and criminal law regimes and the effect of CGCL on homicides. Effects of CGCL on enforcement indexes and homicides were estimated by using a pooled time series design, combining data from seven Canadian provinces and regions for the period 1974-2006 (n=231). Results indicate that two laws were associated with immediate increases in the incarceration rate and in charges related to offensive weapons. Effects were characterized by a decay function. One law, including the compulsory registration of all firearms and increased background checks, was associated with an abrupt and permanent decrease in firearms availability. Estimates about the effect of CGCL on homicides suggest that increases in law enforcement activities did not lead to significant reduction in homicides. Enforcement of provisions aimed at limiting firearms availability (administrative regime) was associated with decreases in homicides. Overall, enforcing provisions found in administrative regimes represent an effective strategy to prevent homicides.

Authors

• Etienne Blais, Université de Montréal

• Matthew Manning, Australian National University

• Christopher Fleming, Griffith University

• Christopher Ambrey, Griffith University

• Maxime Reeves, Université de Montréal