The Steam-valve Theory and Political Efficacy

• In Event: Terrorism: Multi Perspectives

Abstract

A wealth of literature examines terrorism and its relationship with political participation, often concerning legitimate opportunities to effect political change. Overall, these studies support the notion that a democratic system is an effective bulwark against terrorism. There is, however, a paucity of research that evaluates societal activism from the citizen’s perspective and its effects on political violence. When a disgruntled public lacks proper avenues to be heard and engage meaningfully in the political process, terrorist events may arise. Using data from the Global Terrorism Database, World Values Survey, World Bank, and Freedom House, a multilevel analysis is conducted to assess terrorist events in relation to political activism across 18 countries from 1990 to 2012. The findings suggest that terrorism is significantly more likely to occur when frustrated citizens do not perceive peaceful political activism as a viable alternative.

Authors

• Edith Wu, Simon Fraser University

• Garth Davies, Simon Fraser University