Protective factors for violence: Results from the Pittsburgh Youth Study

• In Event: Antisocial Behaviour, Violence, and Offending Across the Life-Course

Abstract

The main aim of this research was to investigate risk-based protective and interactive protective factors for violence, using the youngest sample of the Pittsburgh Youth Study, a prospective longitudinal survey of 503 boys followed-up from age 7 onwards. Variables measured at age 10–12 were investigated as predictors of an all-source measure of violence between ages 13 and 19. The results suggested that a number of individual (e.g., low hyperactivity, low psychopathic features), family (good supervision, low parental stress), school (high academic achievement, positive attitude to school) and demographic characteristics (older mother, good quality housing) were found to be risk-based protective factors for the different risk groups identified. High academic achievement was consistently found to be an interactive protective factor and was consistently independently related to low levels of violence. Much more research on risk-based protective factors and interactive protective factors is needed so that these can be integrated into developmental and life-course explanations of offending. Also, interventions should be tailored to include knowledge about these protective factors in light of the specific risks that individuals possess.

Authors

• Darrick Jolliffe, University of Greenwich

• David P. Farrington, Cambridge University

• Rolf Loeber, University of Pittsburgh

• Dustin Pardini, Arizona State University