Testing Theories of Police Response to Same-Sex vs. Opposite-Sex Couples Involved in Interpersonal Violence

• In Event: Policing Marginalized Communities: Immigration, Same-Sex Couples, Interpersonal Violence, and Mental Health Policies

Abstract

The last few decades has seen a surge in the amount of scholarly research dedicated to the study of interpersonal violence (IPV) and, in particular, the role of the police in responding to domestic violence service calls. Most of this research has only examined police response to opposite-sex couples, with little attention being paid to same-sex couples. Although many studies show that IPV among same-sex couples occurs at a similar statistical frequency and exhibits many of the same characteristics and patterns as IPV among opposite-sex couples, little is known about whether these couples experience similar arrest outcomes. Thus, important questions remain: Are individuals in same-sex relationships involved in IPV more or less likely to be arrested (e.g., single or dual arrest) than opposite-sex couples? Does arrest likelihood vary by the characteristics of law enforcement agencies as well as neighborhood context? We attempt to address these research questions using data from NIBRS, LEMAS, and the Census. Analyses are guided by theories of police discretion. Preliminary findings suggest that same-sex couples are more likely to experience dual arrests than opposite-sex couples, although the strength of this relationship varies by neighborhood and agency context. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Authors

• Nicholas J. Richardson, North Carolina State University / RTI International

• William R. Smith, North Carolina State University