Examining the Effectiveness of Holistic Defense in Practice

• In Event: NIJ's Research on Indigent Defense

Abstract

Holistic defense, also known as problem-solving lawyering, community-oriented defense, therapeutic defense, holistic advocacy, or integrated service representation, is the most comprehensive statement to date of what defines the effective assistance of counsel for criminal defendants. Proponents of holistic defense claim that strong legal advocacy combined with attention to client needs through community contacts and partnerships can improve client outcomes. However, the supporting evidence consists almost entirely of normative arguments and anecdotal information. This session will focus on the findings from a comprehensive evaluation of case and client outcomes under variations of the holistic defense model in three research sites: Rhode Island Public Defender (Providence office); Minnesota Public Defender (Minneapolis office); and the Kentucky Office of Public Advocacy (Bowling Green office). Findings will reference a site-specific logic model developed for each of the three offices being evaluated to clarify the particular focus and activities undertaken as part of its holistic defense program. The degree of resource constraints faced by each agency coupled with variation in perceived areas of greatest client needs strongly shape the overall design and practice of each holistic defense program.

Author

• Cynthia G. Lee, National Center for State Courts