Discretionary “Crack Down”: The Impact of School-Based Zero Tolerance Policies on Official Georgia Discipline Code §.20-2-16

• In Event: Crime Experiences Involving Adolescents and Young Adults

Abstract

The zero-tolerance label began with the Gun Free Schools Act of 1994, when Congress authorized public school funding subject to the adoption of zero-tolerance policies. Its origins, rooted in national efforts to mitigate systemic, problematic conduct, have evolved to include enforcement of less serious public order behavior. Evidence of its effectiveness is mixed; while there are studies confirming the positive impact of zero-tolerance policies on society, there are just as many questioning the legitimacy of practices concomitant with this approach. As it relates to the school system, sentiments remain multifarious. Many believe this policy to be too harsh or restrictive. The infusion of some common sense into zero-tolerance policies can go a long way in making schools safe while keeping all stakeholders satisfied.
Zero-tolerance policies are applied uniformly and help deter "bad behavior." Yet, there are instances in which a violation is not severe enough to merit suspension or expulsion. While discipline, order, and safety are critical in the school environment, the best course of action is not always clear. It is this lack of clarity – in the formulation, implementation, and application of zero tolerance policy – as well as the repercussions that are addressed in this analysis.

Author

• Natasha Johnson, Georgia State University