The Application of Identity Theory to Understanding Violence and Gang Commitment

• In Event: Peer Influence and Delinquency

Abstract

Several scholars have acknowledged that there are variations in levels of gang membership and corresponding violent behavior. Identity has been shown to be a central component in understanding the decision to join a gang; however, relatively less emphasis has focused on the ongoing role of identity and corresponding levels of violence among existing members. In this paper we use identity theory to explore the relationship between commitment to the gang identity and violence. Relying on life history interviews with a sample of self-identified former gang members, results indicate that the relationship between commitment and violent behavior is complex. Specifically, for individuals where the gang identity has a high degree of salience, members are more likely to engage in violence to achieve positive and confirming reflected appraisals. However, once gang members have achieved congruence between reflected appraisals and identity standards, a threshold is reached where violence is no longer required.

Authors

• Sou Lee, Southern Illinois University - Carbondale

• Bryan Bubolz, Southern Illinois University Carbondale