Applying the Principles of Deterrence in a Treatment Setting: Findings from the Pennsylvania SIP Pilot Evaluation

• In Event: Community-based Interventions: Characteristics, Problems, and Recommendations

Abstract

The Pennsylvania State Intermediate Punishment (SIP) program consists of a determinate 2-year sentence with intense inpatient and outpatient alcohol and drug treatment components. Over half of the SIP sentence is served in a secure residential community correctional facility. Though a successful program, persistent low-level violations remained problematic. In response, a multi-year pilot was implemented at two sites. The program model, based on deterrence theory and the Project HOPE model, includes a monitoring and sanctioning system with clearly defined rules that are applied swiftly, certainly, and proportionately to infraction. Focal points for the program were substance abuse and behavioral violations. Graduated sanctions for violations of these key areas are clearly outlined and reinforced for all participants in a variety of media. Enhanced monitoring practices used to detect violations, including weekly random instant drug testing. Due to selection effects, the program evaluation employed a quasi-experimental design. The final results, including behavior up to two years post-enrollment will be presented. Outcomes include program completion, employment, drug abuse, escapes, reincarceration and rearrest.

Authors

• Nicolette Bell, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections

• Jordan Hyatt, Drexel University

• Geoffrey Barnes, University of Cambridge

• Samuel E DeWitt, University of North Carolina - Charlotte

• Bret Bucklen, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections