An Examination of the Use of Pretrial Detention Across U.S. Counties

• In Event: A Focus on Jails: The Role of Local Justice Systems in Shaping Jail Usage and Recidivism

Abstract

Prior research on criminal justice processing indicates that pretrial detention increases the likelihood of receiving a prison sentence. In addition, this line of research provides evidence of significant racial disparities at this stage of criminal justice processing. Despite these findings, little research has examined the use of pretrial detention compared to other stages of criminal justice processing, such as sentencing. As a result, some criminologists have called for more research on the use of pretrial detention and jails more broadly. In response, we examine variation in the use of pretrial detention across a sample of American counties. Using data from a variety of sources, we assess the impact of social, political, and economic explanations on levels of pretrial detention. Implications for theory and policy are discussed.

Authors

• J.W. Andrew Ranson, Florida State University

• Ashley Arnio, Texas State University

• Jennifer Copp, Florida State University

• William D. Bales, Florida State University