Discovering the Link between Human Microbiota Composition and Criminal Behavior

• In Event: Biosocial Mechanisms Linking Individuals, Environments, and Upbringing to Violent and Antisocial Outcomes

Abstract

The study of the gut microbiome has increasingly revealed an important role in modulating brain function and mental health. In this review, we underscore specific pathways and mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can promote the development of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress. First, we review the involvement of the stress response and immune system activation in the development of depression and anxiety. Then, we examine germ-free murine models used to uncover the role of the gut microbiome in developing and modulating pertinent activity in the brain and the immune system. We also document multiple pathways by which stress-induced inflammation harms brain function and ultimately affects mental health and criminal behavior. Overall, a picture of the gut microbiome playing a facilitating role between stress response, inflammation, depression, anxiety, stress, and criminal behavior is emerging. Future research is needed to firmly establish the microbiome's causal role, to further elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbes influence brain function and mental health, and to possibly develop criminal behavior.

Authors

• Myunghoon Roh, Salve Regina University

• Jae-Seung Lee, Northern Kentucky University

• Seokjin Jeong, University of Texas at Arlington

• Jonathan Lee, Penn State University