Becoming a Suspect: A needed Addition to the Innocence Literature

• In Event: Poster Session

Abstract

Faulty eyewitness testimony, faulty forensics, and police misconduct are common themes said to contribute to wrongful conviction. However, what brings someone over the threshold of suspicion where eyewitness testimony, forensics, and police actions are used against them? To answer that question, we built upon the limited number of previous studies examining how someone becomes a suspect in serious crimes (e.g., murder, rape). This exploratory study utilized Innocence Project materials pertaining to 232 exonerated clients and 75 individuals for whom post-conviction DNA testing was found to be an “inclusion” (i.e., supportive of involvement in the crime). Based on case files, we coded pathways to becoming a suspect. These pathways included things like tips, matched description, previous law enforcement encounters, and physical evidence, and more than one pathway could be used for each individual. While several pathways were found to be similar in both groups, differences were seen in pathways related to physical evidence, officers putting individuals under duress during questioning, and proximity to the crime. This exploratory analysis provides a basis for designing future hypothesis-based research to further examine the observed associations and provide further insights into the investigative processes that can lead to wrongful convictions.

Authors

• Noah Barr, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY

• Glinda Cooper, Innocence Project

• Vanessa Meterko, Innocence Project