Green Crime, Black Snow: Environmental Disorganization in Albany, NY

• In Event: Green Criminology IV: Ecological Disorganization and Environmental Injustice(s)

Abstract

The Albany New York Solid Waste Energy Recovery System (ANSWERS) was a trash incinerator that operated from 1982-1994 in the Sheridan Hollow neighborhood of Albany, New York. Sheridan Hollow is a predominantly low-income, African-American community. The plant’s operation caused noticeable harm, occasionally emitting ash into the air. New York State (NYS) officials insisted that the plant was not a threat to human health. For years residents complained about pollution and expert analysis revealed that ANSWERS was outdated and potentially hazardous. The state conducted its own tests, claiming the facility was safe. The plant continued operating until a series of malfunctions in January 1994 caused oil particles to rain down on the snow-covered ground. Armed with scientific data revealing that the black snow was carcinogenic, residents called a press conference at city hall. This act of public shaming finally caused NYS to shut down the facility. This study demonstrates how NYS’ operation of ANSWERS constituted a green crime. NYS prioritized economic interests over the health of a poor Black community. Sheridan Hollow residents experienced persistent and patterned harm from the state-owned facility. ANSWERS created harm that was consistently dismissed by agencies tasked with protecting the environment and people of Albany.

Author

• Tanesha A. Thomas, Montclair State University