Transgressing Norms: The Criminalization of Latinas' Sexuality and Gender Non-Conformity within the Juvenile (In)Justice System

• In Event: Intersectionality and Women's Offending and Criminal Legal System Experiences

Abstract

Through a critical lens, this review navigates the complexities of Latina girlhood, shedding light on the intersecting forces of culture, gender, and sexuality. Specifically, this review highlights the vulnerability of Latina girls involved in the juvenile (in)justice system who reject emphasized femininity consistent with marianismo and heteronormativity. Marianismo represents a constellation of virtues associated with idealized Latina womanhood and is rooted in religious symbolism associated with the Virgin Mary. Virtues consistent with marianismo include family orientation, self-sacrifice, purity, and subservience. The narrative surrounding marianismo influences Latina girls' perceptions of themselves and their roles within society, emphasizing modesty in appearance and behavior to avoid unwanted sexual attention and uphold heterosexual norms. Latina girls who deviate from traditional gender and sexuality norms must often negotiate challenges and complexities as a result of their intersecting sexual and gender identities. These girls may engage in behaviors perceived as transgressive, such as speaking out, defiance, substance misuse, or exploring their sexuality outside of heterosexual boundaries. Despite potential experiences of victimization, trauma, and oppression underlying such behaviors, social and institutional actors tend to label these girls as "out of control" and criminalize their behaviors as "delinquent," disregarding their vulnerabilities and the necessity for supportive intersectional services. By interrogating prevailing narratives and juvenile (in) justice system responses, this review aims to challenge stereotypes and advocate for a more nuanced understanding of Latina girlhood. Ultimately, it underscores the importance of amplifying marginalized voices and fostering inclusive spaces that validate diverse experiences and identities.

Authors

• Vera Lopez, Arizona State University

• Lisa Pasko, University of Denver