Parasocial Learning And The Contagion Of Mass Shootings: A Conceptual Framework

• In Event: Media and Mobilization to Extreme Violence

Abstract

Mass shootings and extensive media coverage raise a critical question: can media portrayals influence future attacks? This conceptual paper explores the potential for a contagion effect through parasocial learning. We propose that exposure to media representations of mass shooters might foster one-sided, emotional connections (parasocial relationships) that lead individuals to adopt violent ideologies or methods associated with perpetrators.

Building on social learning theory, we argue media portrayals can serve as a learning environment. Individuals may observe, internalize, and imitate violent behaviors depicted in media. Parasocial learning further amplifies this effect. By developing a sense of connection with perpetrators through media exposure, individuals may be more susceptible to their violent narratives.

Future research avenues emerge from this. Content analysis can explore how media depicts perpetrators and details their methods. Studies on parasocial relationships in mass shootings could illuminate the psychological processes involved. Finally, research on media exposure and violent attitudes/behaviors could provide valuable insights.

By understanding the potential contagion effect of mass shootings through parasocial learning, researchers and policymakers can develop strategies to mitigate violence. This framework paves the way for future empirical studies to inform responsible media practices and promote critical media literacy, ultimately contributing to a safer society.

Author

• Kieren Aris, John Jay College of Criminal Justice / CUNY Graduate Center