With Complex Programming Comes Complex Theories of Change: Challenges From The Field: Cases in Point

• In Event: Thinking Outside the Box: Harmonizing Data in Prevention Research, Healthcare Settings and Challenges From the Field

Abstract

Various studies explain the benefits and limitations of theories of change and challenges of formulation. But few articles discuss the challenges or provide recommendations for overcoming them. A responsive theory of change reflects a program’s goals, activities, and outcomes, with acknowledgment of research and relationships. The theory of change is then a trustworthy guide for measurements of success. Stakeholders who make crucial program decisions may overlook a theory of change incorporating program intention, evidence, and explanatory narratives; the resultant programming may be difficult to implement, understand, and measure. A theory of change that reflects a program’s components, complexities, and intentionality optimizes understanding of all stakeholders. The author, experienced in program evaluations, developed a holistic and dynamic theory of change for a complex (and successful) program. This paper describes the program, the theory of change, and the evaluation of this program— reducing the risks of dropping out and justice system involvement for a highly vulnerable population, underserved minority, inner-city, middle-school students. Four other program theories of change are also presented, illustrating the complexities of multifaceted programs needed for individual and community program goals. Challenges to incorporation of all activities as interventions aligned with program goals are discussed and recommendations are offered.

Author

• Karen Miner-Romanoff, New York University