Does Neuroscience Belong in U.S. Prisons? A National Survey of Public Opinion

• In Event: Perceptions on Rights and Reform in American Corrections

Abstract

This study examines public opinion on the role of neuroscience in U.S. prisons, particularly in addressing the high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among incarcerated individuals. Using a national survey (N = 1,000) conducted by YouGov, we assess public willingness to fund neuroscience-based interventions, such as specialized treatment programs and brain injury assessments. The study employs an experimental design, randomly assigning respondents to a control or treatment group that received information about TBI’s impact on the brain and criminal behavior. Findings indicate that while over half of respondents support funding neuroscience initiatives in corrections, willingness to pay varies by political ideology, racial attitudes, and perceptions of crime. Notably, the information experiment was non-significant. Moreover, individuals with stronger humanization attitudes toward incarcerated persons and greater concern for crime-related issues express higher support. These results suggest that public backing for neuroscience in corrections is influenced by both moral and pragmatic considerations. Given the documented link between TBI and criminal behavior, integrating neuroscience into correctional policies may enhance rehabilitation outcomes and reduce recidivism. This study contributes to the growing discourse on the intersection of neuroscience, criminal justice, and public policy.

Authors

• Alexander Burton, The University of Texas at Dallas

• Cheryl Lero Jonson, Xavier University

• Shichun Ling, California State University, Los Angeles