Examining Recidivism and Victimization among Gun-Involved Youth: A Life Course Approach

• In Event: The Complex Relationship Between Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Juvenile Offending and Victimization

Abstract

Research indicates that adolescents engaged in violent crime, including gun offenses, are at heightened risk of victimization. Prior studies have identified a range of factors associated with the victim-offender overlap such as individual traits and diagnoses, exposure to violence in the home, and various structural influences; however, findings remain mixed, and theoretical approaches are often fragmented. This study employs a life course approach to further examine juvenile involvement in gun violence as victims and offenders. Life course theory provides a comprehensive lens to examine risk factors while emphasizing the timing of events and experiences with institutions as potential turning points. We utilize a dataset of 440 juveniles who were court-ordered to participate in a violence prevention program in Indianapolis, IN, including information on the nature of their contact with health and criminal justice institutions. All participants were charged with at least one gun or violent offense, and approximately 24% were victims of a shooting or died. We analyze (1) how various risk factors differentiate between gun offenders and victim-offenders, and (2) how the timing and nature of criminal justice contact relates to victimization and recidivism. Findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications and potential policy applications aimed at addressing the intersection of victimization and offending among at-risk youth.

Authors

• Jennifer O'Neill, Indiana University Bloomington

• Kelsie Powell, Indiana University Bloomington

• Natalie Hipple, Indiana University Bloomington