Digital Vulnerabilities: Examining Risk Factors for Cyberstalking Victimization Through Routine Activity Theory

• In Event: Technology-Facilitated Victimization: Risks and Long-Term Harms

Abstract

This paper examines the risk factors associated with cyberstalking victimization, with a particular focus on three key behaviors: unwanted sexual advances, unauthorized surveillance or monitoring of online activities, and location tracking. Using routine activity theory as a theoretical framework, we analyze how these behaviors contribute to the likelihood of experiencing cyberstalking. To investigate these relationships, we utilize survey data collected of over 1,000 adults in the United States. Through logistic regression analysis, we assess the extent to which target suitability, risky online behaviors, and exposure to potential offenders influence the probability of cyberstalking victimization. Our preliminary findings indicate that phone privacy settings and password mechanisms increase the likelihood of vulnerability to cyberstalking. Additionally, visiting adult entertainment sites increases the odds of experiencing unwanted sexual advances. Furthermore, privacy-related factors are associated with an increased risk of unauthorized surveillance or monitoring of online activities. These results align with routine activity theory, which suggests that victimization occurs when a motivated offender encounters a suitable target in the absence of capable guardianship. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on cyberstalking by providing empirical evidence on the specific behaviors that increase vulnerability to cyberstalking victimization. The findings offer important policy implications for enhancing online safety and mitigating the risks of cyberstalking.

Authors

• Claire Seungeun Lee, University of Massachusetts Lowell

• Thomas Meal, University of Massachusetts Lowell

• Pattavina April, University of Massachusetts Lowell