How to Do Drugs and Still Become a Federal Agent

• In Event: Substance Use Policy, Institutions, and Enforcement Contexts

Abstract

Since at least the 1980s, law enforcement leaders have voiced concern about their agencies' "prior drug use policies" (PDUP), in particular, how they may limit the size and quality of the pool of potential applicants. In the current study, we investigate the PDUPs of federal law enforcement, security, and intelligence services by collecting publicly-available information from agency websites. We coded them for recency-of-use criteria across specific substances or general categories (e.g., Schedule I) that would, at least in theory, disqualify applicants from employment. Findings revealed significant disparities among agencies, especially for prior cannabis use, with restrictions ranging from three months to three years prior to applying. A detailed analysis of the U.S. Secret Service PDUP revealed inconsistencies in drug classifications, specifically regarding prescription opioids, psychedelics, and stimulants. For instance, the policy is more permissive of psilocybin use but bans any lifetime use of LSD despite the similar psychoactive effects of the substances. Additionally, past inequalities between crack and powder cocaine penalties have been revised in the USSS PDUP, reflecting evolving institutional perspectives. These findings suggest that PDUPs are not solely based on the pharmacological effects of substances, but are influenced by social and historical contexts.

Authors

• Antonio Ditri, Saint Joseph's University

• Christopher Kelly, Saint Joseph's University