Alienation, Discontent, and Public Rampage: A Theoretical Exploration of Mass Shooting Phenomena

• In Event: Social Network Perspectives on Violence and Co-offending

Abstract

This study examines mass shootings in the United States using alienation theory, emphasizing structural factors such as economic conditions, population density, and family dynamics. Drawing on Marx’s concept of alienation, it challenges the mainstream focus on individual pathology by framing mass shootings within broader sociological contexts. Using state-level data from the Violence Project (1999–2023) and OLS regression analysis, the study explores demographic and socioeconomic correlations with mass shooting fatalities. Findings reveal that while population size correlates with mass shooting fatalities, it lacks statistical significance as a predictor. However, the proportion of females in a population is a statistically significant factor, showing a negative relationship with mass shooting fatalities. This suggests that gender imbalances may heighten competition for stable partnerships, leading to frustration and resentment among men who feel excluded from traditional success markers. Under capitalism’s materialistic pressures, economic instability can exacerbate these frustrations, particularly for men struggling to attain financial security for family life or relationships. In extreme cases, feelings of powerlessness may manifest in violent acts. This study contributes to sociological research on mass shootings by emphasizing the role of structural alienation in shaping violent behaviors rather than focusing solely on individual pathology.

Authors

• Ojonimi Salihu, Western Michigan University

• Habeeb Abdulrauf, Western Michigan University

• Selina Baidoo, Western Michigan University