Hate, Conspiracy, and Extremism: Threats to Democracy and Well-being

• In Event: Manifestations of Extremism: Cross-Ideological Patterns in Political Violence

Abstract

This paper is tailored to the conference theme: CRIMINOLOGY, LAW AND, THE DEMOCRATIC IDEAL. We discuss trends in groups/actions related to hate, conspiracy, and extremism. Such phenomena threaten democracy (e.g., January 6 insurrection) and personal well-being (e.g., hate-driven violence). Case studies of recent events illustrate how conspiracies can relate to extreme beliefs and hate expressions. These three phenomena are often studied separately, using different methodologies. We demonstrate that these phenomena are so intertwined that researchers should study them in tandem whenever possible. Creative operationalization and methodology will reveal more about these phenomena than studying them alone—increasing the ability to develop solutions to threats from these phenomena. For instance, conversing with AI can reduce a person’s belief in a conspiracy. Legal actions (e.g., removing DEI initiatives) are discussed as factors that contribute to the threats from these phenomena. Finally, social and traditional media are discussed as contributing factors; for instance, social media algorithms can create the illusion that most people agree with oneself. This in turn creates socio-political polarization and could encourage hate toward out-groups. In sum, we illustrate that researchers should study conspiracism, extremism, and hate together, considering recent threats to democracy and personal well-being—and possible preventions.

Authors

• Monica K. Miller, University of Nevada, Reno

• Teyah Giannetta, University of Nevada, Reno

• M. Katie Cunius, University of Nevada, Reno

• Daniel N. Jones, University of Nevada, Reno