Examining the Amplification Effects of Exposure to Violence on the Relationship between Perceived Work Stress and Mental Health Problems among Correctional Officers

• In Event: Innovations in Correctional Research

Abstract

Prior research indicates that correctional officers (COs) disproportionately experience mental health disorders compared to those who work in other public safety occupations and members of the general population. Research also suggests that COs are exposed to high levels of violence, critical incidents, and report high levels of perceived work stress. Despite these findings, the underlying mechanisms driving the association between workplace stressors and negative mental health outcomes among COs are not as well defined. As a result, the purpose of this study is to examine the potential amplifying effects of exposure to workplace violence on the relationship between work stress and three mental health outcomes: 1) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2) depression, and 3) anxiety. Survey data for the current study were collected as part of a larger study on critical incident exposure, stress responses, and mental health of COs (n = 488) employed at three Minnesota prisons. Linear multivariable regression models were estimated to examine the main and interactive effects of work stress and exposure to violence on mental health symptoms. Results revealed amplifying effects of exposure to workplace violence on the relationship between work stress and PTSD and anxiety, but not for depression. Implications and directions for future research will be discussed.

Authors

• Christopher Jodis, Florida State University

• Joseph A. Schwartz, Florida State University