Beyond Neutralization Theory: Why Criminologists Should Focus on the Process of Moral Disengagement

• In Event: Advancing Social Learning Theory: Beliefs, Norms and Morality as Causes of Crime

Abstract

Developed more than 60 years ago, Sykes and Matza’s (1957) theory of moral neutralization and delinquency has inspired countless studies on the role of neutralization techniques in the facilitation of offending behavior. Yet, despite known limitations of classic neutralization theory, the theory has evolved little since its inception. At the same time, relatively few criminologists have pursued Bandura’s theory of moral neutralization (moral disengagement theory), perhaps because many have assumed that Bandura’s theory is redundant with classic neutralization theory and, therefore, a “wasteful duplication of effort” (Maruna & Copes, 2005, p. 226). In fact, as I argue in this paper, Bandura’s theory of moral disengagement is far from redundant; not only is it a relatively sophisticated theory of moral neutralization but it can better accommodate the seemingly inconsistent findings that have emerged in classic neutralization research. It also has more potential to further our understanding of the relationship between moral neutralization and crime and therefore deserves greater attention from criminologists.

Author

• Timothy Brezina, Georgia State University